How to calculate ROAS
Return on ad spend is revenue from ads divided by the cost of those ads. Spend ยฃ1,000 and generate ยฃ4,000 in sales and your ROAS is 4, often written as 4:1 or 400%.
ROAS on its own says nothing about profit, though. That depends on how much each sale costs you to fulfil, which is why break-even ROAS matters more than any headline figure.
Worked example
| Input | Value |
|---|---|
| Average order value | ยฃ60 |
| Cost of goods | ยฃ30 |
| Shipping and payment fees | ยฃ6 |
| Gross margin | ยฃ24 (40%) |
| Break-even ROAS | 1 ÷ 0.40 = 2.5 |
At a ROAS of 2.5, every pound of ad spend is cancelled out by product and fulfilment costs. At 3.5, the same business keeps about 40p in every pound of spend as contribution. At 2.0, it loses money on every sale even though the campaign "returns" double its cost.
Ways to improve profitability
- Raise average order value with bundles, thresholds for free delivery or upsells.
- Cut wasted spend with negative keywords and tighter targeting.
- Bid by margin, pushing high-margin products harder than low-margin ones.
- Count repeat purchases. If customers come back, a first order at break-even can still be very profitable over their lifetime.